Evaluation of Cardiac Biomarkers and Risk Factors to Assess Myocardial Infarction

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a sever emergency and the life threatening condition if left untreated, it may be a cause of death. Objective: This study was conducted to (i) observe patients of different age groups who are mostly affected from the MI in Southern Punjab, Pakistan and (ii) evaluate various cardiac biomarkers (Troponin-T, CPK, CKMB, AST and LDH enzymes) for the detection of MI and the role of risk factors especially hypertension, age factor and diabetes. Methodology: This study was carried out at Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC) Multan, Pakistan. One hundred (100) patients who were suffering from severe chest pain (one of the risk factor) were selected from the Emergency Department of the hospital. All the history of the patient including age, sex and family history regarding cardiac or hypertensive disease was taken on special designed Performa (one of the experimental tool) and blood samples were collected to test cardiac biomarkers in Main Laboratory by kit method. Results: The mean values of the systolic, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate of infracted patients (129.2±21.4, 83.9±11.4 and 84.8±16.7) were compared with mean values of that of the control group of patients (119.33±8.28, 79.67±5.7 and 76.90±12.90) which showed significant (p<0.05) increase in blood pressure and the pulse rate of the infracted patients. All the enzymes levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the MI patients. Troponin-T (0.351±0.52), CPK (499±85.5), CKMB (45±4.78), AST (60.3±7.5) and LDH (542±292) were significantly (P<0.05) higher from the control (0.014±0.005), (90.3±26.2), (20.77±3.6), (20.3±6.19) and (373.4±56.6), respectively. Conclusion: Patients in the age group of 40-59 are mostly affected from the myocardial infarction. All the cardiac biomarkers have their importance because in some cases the Troponin-T was negative but the patient was suffering from MI but in the early diagnosis of MI, TroponinT is superior to the other enzymes.